When Thought Gorger's second ability resolves, its last existence on the battlefield is checked to see how many +1/+1 counters it had on it. All of them are counted, not just the ones put on it by its "enters" ability.
2010-06-15
wotc
Once an ability starts to resolve, it's too late to respond to it. For example, you can't count a card in your hand while determining how many +1/+1 counters Thought Gorger gets and then cast it in response. If a card is counted, it'll be discarded.
2010-06-15
wotc
As Thought Gorger's first ability resolves, putting a +1/+1 counter on it for each card in your hand is mandatory. The effect says "if you do" because performing that action might be impossible. If Thought Gorger has left the battlefield by the time the ability resolves, you can't put any +1/+1 counters on it, so you won't discard your hand.
Format Legality
Standard
Not Legal
Future
Not Legal
Historic
Not Legal
Timeless
Not Legal
Gladiator
Not Legal
Pioneer
Not Legal
Modern
Legal
Legacy
Legal
Pauper
Not Legal
Vintage
Legal
Penny
Legal
Commander
Legal
Oathbreaker
Legal
Standardbrawl
Not Legal
Brawl
Not Legal
Alchemy
Not Legal
Paupercommander
Not Legal
Duel
Legal
Oldschool
Not Legal
Premodern
Not Legal
Predh
Legal
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