You don't have to choose every permanent or player that has a counter, only the ones you want to add another counter to. Since “any number” includes zero, you don't have to choose any permanents at all, and you don't have to choose any players at all.
2021-06-18
wotc
You cannot cast Smell Fear without any targets just to proliferate. You must choose at least one creature you control as a target to cast this spell. If you don't choose a creature you don't control as a target, no fight will occur.
2021-06-18
wotc
While proliferating, if you choose a permanent or player with multiple kinds of counters, the permanent or player gets another counter of each kind, not just one kind. This change from the original proliferate rules was introduced in a previous set.
2021-06-18
wotc
To proliferate, you can choose any permanent that has a counter, including ones controlled by opponents, and you can choose any player who has a counter, including opponents. You can't choose cards in any zone other than the battlefield, even if they have counters on them.
2021-06-18
wotc
Players can respond to a spell or ability whose effect includes proliferating. Once that spell or ability starts to resolve, however, and its controller chooses which permanents and players will get new counters, it's too late for anyone to respond.
2021-06-18
wotc
If you choose two creatures as targets with this spell and only one target is legal as the spell resolves, no fight will occur and no damage will be dealt, but you will still proliferate.
2021-06-18
wotc
If all targets are illegal as Smell Fear tries to resolve, it doesn't resolve and you will not proliferate.
Format Legality
Standard
Not Legal
Future
Not Legal
Historic
Legal
Timeless
Legal
Gladiator
Legal
Pioneer
Not Legal
Modern
Legal
Legacy
Legal
Pauper
Legal
Vintage
Legal
Penny
Not Legal
Commander
Legal
Oathbreaker
Legal
Standardbrawl
Not Legal
Brawl
Legal
Alchemy
Not Legal
Paupercommander
Legal
Duel
Legal
Oldschool
Not Legal
Premodern
Not Legal
Predh
Not Legal
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